The categories of services we provide, all have one thing in common, they are all converting different Waste forms of carbon (Resids, Solid Waste, Fly Ash, Heavy Crude, etc.) into new forms of carbon with usable and higher values.  These newer forms of carbon, are more valuable due to the fact they have new atoms of nitrogen, oxygen or hydrogen added to them in order to form newer molecules with higher commercial values than the original forms of carbon which caused the carbon to be designated as a waste.  Our enzymes are the catalyst used to produce this changed form of carbon.  We will discuss, in executive summary form, the changes in the categories. Hydrocarbon is the simplest form of carbon in use, and as the name implies, it is simply Hydrogen connected to carbon in various percentages of each. Such as: METHANE, BUTANE and PROPANE is one atom of carbon connected to four atoms of hydrogen. BUTANE & PROPANE are additional carbon atoms connected to additional hydrogen atoms to form light aromatic molecules as compounds of more hydrocarbons.

As we discuss these various forms of hydrocarbons, we need to differentiate them as Paraffins and are in the lubricants and fuels categories of hydrocarbons. Asphaltic hydrocarbons which are different in structure. Asphaltic hydrocarbons are used in building materials, such as roofing or highways due to their sticky nature and since they have Nitrogen attached, as well as Oxygen or Hydroxyl atoms that are sticky so they can’t be fuels or lubricants. If enough heat is applied to asphaltic materials, they will combust and burn very hot with large volumes of black smoke.
In current refining techniques the different products which are lighter in specific gravity, are separated first in the top of the Aromatic train of the refinery, then the gasoline range products are recovered and require more heat in a different train in the refinery. Next will be the Distillates or Naphtha (Kerosene and Diesel) which require more heat to separate. Next will be the Lubricant range which requires more heat. After all this separation is complete, the remaining heavier molecules will be mixed with some lighter molecules to produce as much product as possible, before the remaining paraffin or wax, which is referred to as Resids or Residual compounds. The API gravity of refinery bottoms or Resids are usually in the 8-12 gravity range. These Resids or bottoms are what we want to begin with on enzymatic conversion, I believe there may be fairly large volumes available to work with currently. Other type of hydrocarbons, being the Asphaltic carbon, are refined in the same manner, and has residual wastes also which our enzymes can catalyze.